Wednesday, August 24, 2011

introduction to Algae

About Algae

The word algae represent a large group of different organisms from different phylogenetic groups, representing many taxonomic divisions. In general algae can be referred to as plant-like organisms that are usually photosynthetic and aquatic, but do not have true roots, stems, leaves, vascular tissue and have simple reproductive structures. They are distributed worldwide in the sea, in freshwater and in wastewater. Most are microscopic, but some are quite large, e.g. some marine seaweeds that can exceed 50 m in length.        The unicellular forms are known as microalgae where as the multicellular forms comprise macroalgae.
        The unicellular forms are known as microalgae where as the multicellular forms comprise macroalgae.
       
    Chlorella spp
Chlorella spp
        Microalgae comprise a vast group of photosynthetic, heterotrophic organisms which have an extraordinary potential for cultivation as energy crops. They can be cultivated under difficult agro-climatic conditions and are able to produce a wide range of commercially interesting byproducts such as fats, oils, sugars and functional bioactive compounds.
       
Ulva lacuta
Ulva lacuta
Seaweed is a loose colloquial term encompassing macroscopic, multicellular, benthic marine algae. The term includes some members of the red, brown and green algae. They are photosynthetic, like plants, and "simple" because they lack the many distinct organs found in land plants. For that reason they are currently excluded from being considered plants. 
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Friday, August 19, 2011

Pteridophytes

The Pteridophytes, consisting of ferns and fern allies, constitute a vast group of vascular cryptogams, the majority of them being restricted to sheltered, shaded humid habitat. Among these, the group of ferns is the most predominant all over the world. The Indian sub-continent is one of the richest in its Pteridophytic flora as regards the variety and abundance with over 1200 species. The taxonomy and nomenclature had undergone such radical changes that it was considered necessary to study the taxonomy and nomenclature of Indian filicineae, as also their reproductive biology, distribution, ecology , palynology and some aspects of experimental studies including ornamental horticulture. The investigations, covering over 75 genera and 350 species mainly of Homosporous Ferns, were objective of studying the occurrence and distribution of ferns in the country. The group has initiated the work on genetic diversity and biosystematics (which also includes molecular characterization) of arsenic and mercury hyper accumulating fern and fern ally i.e. Pteris vittata and Equisetum, respectively.....
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Tuesday, August 16, 2011

Longevity

The plants produce new roots ,branches,leaves,flowers and fruits year after so that they grow continuously is called longevity of plant.On the basis of lonevity plants are categories into
(1)Ephemerals-plants which live only for a few week beacuse of a very short growing season.such plants are found near deasert or in very cold countries e.g.Aradidopsis(life span 20 to 28 days)
(2)Annuals- Plant complete their life cycle in a single favourable season e.g.Wheat,Rice,Maize smallest angiosperm-Wolffia (aquatic annual).
(3)Biennials-plant complete their life cycle in 2 season e.g.Sugar beet.
(4)Perennials-Plants live for more than 2 years e.g.Banyan Tree,Bamboos.
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Friday, August 12, 2011

Albugo

Albugo is an obligate fungus.which attack on cruciferae and compositae .It produce white shiny pustule on leaf

and stem parts. At maturity it cause hypertrophy in the inflorescence.As a result of infection plant become fleshy,

stunted and hypertrophid.This fungus reproduce asexually and sexually. Asexual reproduction  occurs by conidia                                                                                                                                                         
which are born on conidiophore.Conidia are produce in chain in basipetal order on conidiophore Sexual reproduction occures oogamously,in which male gamet is called antheridium and femail gamete is called is called oogonium.

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